Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Economics and Business
International standard of academic work of the peer-reviewed scientific and analytical journal “Economics and Business”

In connection with the inclusion of the journal “Economics and Business” in the international databases of ERIHPLUS, EBSCO, GOOGLE SCHOLAR INDEX, COPENICUS, INTERNATIONAL and Crossref–DOI, it is necessary to comply with the international standard of academic work.
A new standard for the scholarly article in the journal "Economics and Business" was developed and reconciled with the Chicago style and the requirements of what had previously, already been approved by the editorial board of the journal Economics and Business.
Authors are requested to consider this requirement and subsequently submit articles in accordance with this standard.

For authors

• To be published in the journal "Economics and Business", authors must submit only new and previously unpublished scientific papers.
• Authors should send the article in electronic form to the following email address: ebf.journal@tsu.ge
• The incoming material is reviewed by the journal's editorial board. If the article meets the required standards, it will undergo an anonymous review, the results of which will be reported to the author. The editorial board reserves the right to refuse to print the article and not to send it to the reviewer.
• Articles accepted for publication in the editorial office are sent to the reviewer. The identity of the reviewers is anonymous.
• If the author does not agree with the comments made in the review, the paper can be sent for additional review. The editorial board of the journal makes the final decision on the publication of the article.

Publication cost
Articles are submitted, reviewed, edited and published in the journal "Economics and Business" free of charge.

Procedure and format of the article

The text must be written in the “Word” program, in A4 format; Font: (Georgian and English – Sylfaen); Size - 12.
Edge margin: top, bottom and to the left of the text – 2 cm; to the right of the text – 2.5 cm; The font size of the main part of the article is 12, the spacing between lines is 1.15.
Only in the footnote (definitions and notes) – font size – 10; font size in tables – 1.0; distance between lines – 1.0;
The paper is numbered from the introductory page consecutively with Arabic numerals in the same (text) font and size in the lower right corner of the page.
The title of the paper should be placed in the center, in bold letters, font size 14. The name and surname of the author(s) should be written in the center, in bold letters, font size 12, it should be followed by the academic title of the author(s), name of the university and email (contact mobile number), font size 12;
Abstract – in Georgian language (minimum 140 and maximum 150 words), includes introduction, methodology, results, discussion and conclusion, followed by maximum 6 keywords, in italics, “keywords” in bold letters, separated from the text by 1 space, font size 12.

The journal is bilingual (Georgian and English). The article written in Georgian should be accompanied by the content in English – summary, (volume of at least 700 and maximum 900 words). It also requires the title of the work in English (font - 14), the name and surname of the author (authors) (in bold), academic title and university name – and e-mail. Font size 12;
An article to be published in English also requires content in Georgian up to 1.5-2.0 pages. (Other requirements – title, first and last name, title etc, the same as in English.)

Illustrative material (Figures, tables, photos, diagrams, charts) must be placed in the main text at the place of their reference and must be indicated in the text sequentially in the text. For example Table 1; Table 2; or diagram 1, diagram 2, etc. Tables, graphs, diagrams, charts and other illustrative material must have a name and numbering.
In diagrams, tables, charts, etc the title is presented on top, numbering below the title, in the left corner also on the left side should indicate the source at the bottom of the drawing: (bold, italic), font size - 10.

Citation style

The author is required to follow the style of the Journal Citation. When quoting (verifying) an internal text of literature, the author's last name, year of publication and preferably a page are indicated in the text. (Georgian in Georgian language, foreign – foreign language). For example

Reference in the author's internal text:

(Mekvabishvili 2018, 223)
(Hudson 2015, 79)
(Papava 2002, 35)

When referring to several books published in the same year by one author, alphabetical order is used, for example: (Mekvabishvili, 2021a); (Mekvabishvili, 2021b).
Each source mentioned in the work in the order of internal textual citations must necessarily be reported on the literature page used at the end of the work as well;
The used literature is not numbered, marked with bulleted letters, arranged by alphabetical principle, (first Georgian, then foreign language sources and finally information about electronic publications are indicated).
Each unit specified in the bibliography should be presented in the following form:

Book

Book by one author. Surname, initial of the name. (Year). Book title. Place of publication: publishing house. For example
Kharaishvili E. (2017). Wine market and specific models of viticulture and winemaking diversification in Georgia. Tbilisi: Universali
Verweire, K. (2014). Strategy implementation. New York: Routledge

Book by two or three authors. Surname, name of each author. (Year). Book title. Place of publication: publishing house.
Shatirishvili J., Kakashvili N. (2012). Insurance case. Tbilisi: Iverioni
Bodenheimer, T., Grumbach K. (2020). Understanding Health Policy: A Clinical Approach. New York: McGraw Hill.

Book by editor. In the author's position, the editor's surname, the initial of the name. Along always indicate the word – Ed. (Year). Book title. Place of publication: publishing house.
Magradze M. Ed. (2002). Economic Informatics. Tbilisi: messenger of Georgia.

Book by author and editor. Surname, initial of the name, year, title, name of the editor, surname, place of publication, publishing house.
Rustaveli, Sh. (1953). The Knight in the Panther's Skin. Edited by Pavle Ingoroqva and with notes. Tbilisi: Soviet writer.

Book authored by the organization. Organization (indicate as author even if it is named as publisher only). (Year). Book title. Place of publication: publishing house.
Museum of literature. (2018). “The Tsisperkhantselebi. Correspondence”, Book I. Tbilisi: Museum of literature.

Book without author. Title. (Year). Place of publication: publishing house.
Georgian writing (1984). Dictionary-reference book I. Tbilisi: Ganatleba.

Translated book. Surname, given name. (Year). Title. Translator's name, surname. Place of publication: publishing house.
Gurova J. (2014). World economy, translator Prof. Sh.Veshapidze. Tbilisi: publishing company “Darbeg”.

A chapter or other part from a book that has several authors. Surname, given name. (Year). Book title. Page (pages), place of publication: publishing house.
Mag. Gerzmava O., (2016). Public health and management. Tbilisi: Tbilisi State Medical University. PG.124-186.

Article

Article from a scientific journal. Surname, given name. (Year). Title. Journal’s title, volume (series) issue, page.

References:

1. Mekvabishvili E. (2018). The Financial Crisis of the Globalization Era and The Economy of Georgia. Tbilisi, “Intelqti” (in Georgian).
2. Papava V. (2010). Zombie-Ing of the Necroeconomy. P. Gugushvili Institute (in Georgian).
3. Papava V. (2018). Economic Growth in Eastern Partnership Countries. || Economics and Business V.XI, №2. (in Georgian).
4. Hudson E. A. (2015). Economic Growth: How It Works and How It Transformed the World. Wimington: Vernon Press.
Article from popular / periodical. Last name, first name, year, article title. Journal’s title, volume (series) issue, date, page.
Verulava T., Narozashvili N. (2021). Telemedicine-health challenge of the XXI century. Forbes Georgia. 7(65): PG.28-31.
Material from the newspaper. Last name, first name, year, title, newspaper name, number, date. Verulava T., Jorbenadze A. (2022). The state is beginning to introduce a new method of funding the hospital. Resonance, 6 (254), August 17.
Material from the internet
E-book, scientific journal article, popular / periodical journals’ articles.
Website (in the context of the website). Website name, year, material title, upload or find date, URL address.
Last name, first name, year, title, Book, place of publication, publishing house, URL address (if any, the URL address containing the DOI) or the name of the base from which the book is retrieved (in case such an electronic resource does not have a URL address).
The Gogoladze, L., Verulava, T., Kachkachishvili, I., Kontselidze, O., (2019). Challenges of primary health care in Georgia by the example of Kharagauli and Chiatura municipalities. EU for Georgia. https://www.asocireba.ge/files/Chemi-Imereti-2019-Primary-Healthcare.pdf Last Name, first name, year, article title. Journal’s name, volume (series) number, pages total volume, URL address containing DOI or DOI, in absence only URL address or database name.
Verulava, T. (2022). Factors influencing medical students’ choice of family medicine. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2022;24(1):66-70. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2022.113017

Verulava, T., Jorbenadze, R. (2022). The impact of part-time employment on students’ health: A Georgian Case. Malta Medical Journal 34(1):50-57.
https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/91260/1/MMJ34%281%29A6.pdf

Popular / periodical journals’ articles. Last name, first name, year, article title. Journal’s title, volume (series) number, date, total number of pages. This type of journal’s article, if retrieved online, must provide a URL address. In the absence of such an address – the name of the database.
Verulava, T. Is the social health insurance system coming back? Forbes Georgia. 3 (15), 15/07/2021: 12-16.

Website (in the context of the website). Website name, year, material title, upload or find date, URL address.

Center for social justice. 2021. Inpatient services in the mental health program: without state supervision. Retrieved on 11.13.2022

https://socialjustice.org.ge/ka/products/statsionaruli-servisebi-fsikikuri-janmrtelobis-programashi-sakhelmtsifo-zedamkhedvelobis-gareshe

Published materials of the conference/ symposium. Last name, first name, year, title, conference/symposium title, total volume of pages. Place of publication, publishing house, URL address (if the material is retrieved from electronic resources).

Verulava, T., (2019). Solutions to the challenges of the Georgian healthcare system. Collection of works of IV International Scientific Conference “Challenges of globalization in economics and business”: 137-143. Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Publishing House.

Dissertation. Author (last name, first name), title, type of dissertation, place of defense, year. URL address (if the material is retrieved from electronic resources).

Verulava, T., (1999). Complex assessment of reimbursement methods for medical care. Thesis for obtaining a scientific degree of candidate of Medical Sciences, Tbilisi State Medical University.
When specifying any internet source, attach the date of last access to this source. Specify the access date after the URL address or permanent identifier and paste it in parentheses.

Ex.: (16.08.2010) (access date 2010 August 16).

 Publication Ethics & Malpractice Statement 

(The following statements are based on Elsevier recommendations

and COPE's Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors)

To maintain fair practice we (International Scientific Journal Economics and Business, published quarterly by the Faculty of Economics and Business, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University) strongly believe in following these guidelines. We are committed to fair practice of publication. Success in this regard can be achieved if ethics are well practiced by following participants:

(1) Authors, (2) Editors, (3) Reviewers,  (4) Publisher & (5) Copyright Transfer and Licensing Information

1. Authors: Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the experiments. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review articles should also be objective, comprehensive, and accurate accounts of the state of the art. The authors should ensure that their work is entirely original works, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.
Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same research to more than one
journal. The corresponding author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all co authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.

• Duties of Authors:

Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review and professional publication articles should also be accurate and objective, and editorial 'opinion' works should be clearly identified as such.
Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review,
and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

• Originality and Plagiarism

The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of other’ that this has been appropriately cited or quoted. Plagiarism takes many forms, from 'passing off' another's paper as the author's own paper, to copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of another's paper (without attribution), to claiming results from research conducted by others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.
An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. In general, an author should not submit for consideration in another journal a previously published paper.

• Authorship of the paper

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors.

The corresponding author should ensure that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

• Fundamental errors in published works

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author's obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper. If the editor or the publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error, it is the obligation of the author to promptly retract or correct the paper or provide evidence to the editor of the correctness of the original paper.

2. Editors: Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. An editor must not use unpublished information in the editor's own research without the express written consent of the author. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.

• Duties of editors:

Publication decisions
The editor of a peer-reviewed journal is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published, often working in conjunction with the relevant society (for society-owned or sponsored journals). The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors orreviewers (or society officers) in making this decision.

An editor should evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted
manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, othereditorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

3. Reviewers: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviews should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that authors can use them for improving the paper. Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

• Duties of reviewers:

Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper. Peer review is an essential component of formal scholarly communication, and lies at the heart of the scientific method. Academy Publisher shares the view of many that all scholars who wish to contribute to publications have an obligation to do a fair share of reviewing.

Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.
Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.
Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.
Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.

4. Publisher: does not allow any form of plagiarism. Plagiarism is considered to be a serious
breach of scientific ethics by the entire scientific community. Incidents of plagiarism in a
manuscript or published paper whether detected or reported, will be dealt seriously. We constantly support/advise and take suggestions from our Editors/Editorial Board/Reviewers on avoiding any malpractice of publication ethics.

5. Copyright Transfer and Licensing Information
Copyright Transfer

Journal Economics and Business asks all authors of articles to sign a Transfer of Copyright. In
doing so, an author transfers ownership of his or her article to the Journal’ Publisher. Ownership of copyright gives the Publisher the right to publish the article and to defend against improper use (or even theft) of the article. It also permits the Publisher to mount the article online or to use the article in other forms, such as when a journal article becomes part of a content collection or another derivative product.
The Publisher needs copyright for an article because the publisher is in the best position to
defend the article legally. In addition, transfer of copyright assures the Publisher that the work in question is entirely the author's own. Once again, the purpose of transfer of copyright is not to prevent the author from reuse of his or her own work, as long as this doesn't involve republication in a competing journal or other competing resource.
If you send a manuscript to the publisher, you will be given the opportunity during submission to agree to our electronic transfer of copyright, or our open access policy. You should print and send a signed hard copy of the Copyright Transfer Form.

Open Access Policy

The journal Economics and Business is freely available online and all articles published in the
Journal are freely accessible. Authors are required to agree with this open access policy which enables unrestricted access and reuse of all published articles. The articles are published under the Creative Commons copyright license policy CC-BY-NC-ND. Authors may post the published version of their article to their personal website. Users are allowed to copy and redistribute the material in printed or electronic format and build upon the material, without further permission for non commercial use.

Standards of Submission and Publication of Scientific Articles in the Journal of Economics and Business 

The journal publishes scientific articles in Georgian, English, German  languages on topical issues of economic theories and history of economic teaching, economic policy, economics and business, as well as reviews of recently published monographs and textbooks;

       1. The article must be topical, independently performed, original, previously unpublished and not submitted to other publishers; the use of published texts without reference to the authors is unacceptable;  

       2. All articles, along with the main text, must contain the introductory and final parts.

The introduction should include: (a) the level of study and the relevance of the research problem, (b) the goals and objectives of the research, (c) the originality of the research - the contribution of the author to the study of the problem, (d) The article should be based on the methodology correctly and show the use of modern methods of research.

In the main text, a number of subchapters should be outlined in according to the issues discussed.

The basic theoretical and practical results of the research and adequate recommendations should be clearly formulated in the final part of the study.

       3. The article should be accompanied by correctly selected keywords.

       4. The abstract should be informative, reflecting the main content of the article, describing the purpose of the research, summarizing the main findings of the research and demonstrating its theoretical and practical significance;

       5. The article should be submitted in A4 format. The volume of the article, including the list of literature and research papers must not exceed 20 computer pages and must be printed in 12 point letters with 1.5 line spacing.

       6. The article written in Georgian language must be accompanied by an abstract (author's resume) up to 600 characters in Georgian and English languages, as well as the title in English and Russian languages. The article written in a foreign language must be accompanied by the basic content of 2 pages in Georgian language and the abstract in the same foreign language. The article which according to reviewers and editorial board meets the international standards will be published in Georgian and English languages. In addition, the article considered important by the editorial board must be accompanied by expanded resume (2 pages) in Georgian and English languages. The latter will be printed along with the article (with the consent of the author);

       7. Two printed copies of article should be submitted to the editorial board along with electronic version (MS Word, Georgian article in Sylfaen, and Foreign text – in Times New Roman);

       8. Under the title of the article (on the right hand side) there must be indicated the full name, surname, academic degree, position, phone number and email of the author (authors);

       9. The article should examine important literature related to the research problem. The list of the references should be placed as a single list (literature) at the end of the article:  - a) the book title in the following sequence - the surname and initials of the author (the authors), book title, place of publication, publishing house, year, number of pages; b) for the journal article – the title and initials of the author (the authors), title of the article, title of the journal, year, journal number (indicating the pages of the article).

The list of references should be made only from the sources indicated in the text - according to their sequence. When quoting from the author's work, it must indicate the source with the corresponding page in the following form [5.p..41], where the first digit corresponds to the number of the quoted source on the list of used references, and the other - the page from which a quote is given. The bibliographic description of each book (journal) on the list of references must be relevant to its title sheet. Non-English references must be accompanied by its exact English translation (in brackets);

       10. Tables, graphs and charts in the text should be placed at the point of reference, if the place is insufficient, it may be on the next page. Tabless, graphs and schemes should have a title and a number.

       11. Master students are required to submit their own independent scientific article along with the conclusion of the supervisor and the recommendation of the relevant department - as an extract from the protocol;

       12. The article that does not meet the above mentioned requirements will not be accepted;

       13. Reviewing articles published in the journal, based on international practice, is anonymous. Evaluation is done by the rating system (text is accompanied by it). The submitted articles will be sent to reviewers after editorial processing. After passing through these processes, the article will be submitted to the Editorial Board member for evaluation. The final decision on the publication of the article in the journal is taken at the editorial board meeting.