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ISSN 1987-5789 ESSN 2587-5426
doi 10.52340
Journal number 3 ∘
Journal N3, 2026 content

 

 

„ECONOMICS and BUZINESS“ VOLUM XVIII, N3, 2026

C O N T E N T

 

 

ECONOMIC THEORY ◊ ECONOMIC POLICY

 


Zurab Garakanidze - The Global Security Dimension of the “Trump Peace and Revival Corridor” (TRIPP)
Aygun Fataliyeva - The Impact of the Shadow Economy on the Quality of Structural Transformation: A Comparative Analysis of the CIS Countries
Rusudan Sirbiladze - Prices in a Market Economy and its Role in Economic Growth
Salome Kobakhidze -Transformation of the Labor Market in Georgia under the Influence of Artificial Intelligence 

 

 

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS ◊ STATISTICS ◊ INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS


Tamaz Zubiashvili - International Migration in the Age of Globalization
Zoubeir Ayache, Lemya Mekarssi, Hynda Medfouni, Abdelhak Lefilef, Sami Bendjeddou - The Implications of High Energy Prices on Oil-Importing Economies: Case Study of Germany during Russia-Ukraine War, a VAR Model 
Rabah Berriche, Hassiba Almi, Mohammed Said Rahmoun - Structural Analysis of Unit Value Indices of Foreign Trade by Category (CTCI): Volatility, Dynamics and Price Elasticity — A Case Study of Algeria
Ketevan Bedinashvili - Statistical Analysis of Apartment Rental Prices in Georgia 

 

 

MARKETING ◊ MANAGEMENT ◊ BUSINESS ◊ TOURISM


Charita Jashi, Ekaterine Urotadze - The Impact of Anti-Nicotine Social Marketing Campaigns on Behavioral Change and Well-Being: A Qualitative Study
Rusudan Seturidze - The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Electronic Tax Administration: Business-Oriented Tax Risk Prevention and Management
Mariam Jibuti, Giuli Keshelashvili - Tourism-Led Spatial Transformation and Sustainable Regional Development: Evidence from Borjomi Municipality, Georgia
Sakhavat Tofig Mammadova - Integration of Loyalty Index into Human Resources Strategy in Enterprises

 

 


2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Zurab Garakanidze ∘

The Global Security Dimension of the Trump Peace and Revival Corridor (TRIPP)

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.01 journal N3.2026 In 2020-2024 the importance of transport and communication projects in strengthening the transit function of Georgia was clearly highlighted. The value and place of this direction in Georgia\\\'s economic security policy are even better seen when we consider it on a regional scale. A trilateral regional agreement of this rank was signed between the USA, Azerbaijan and Armenia on August 8th, 2025 and was called the "Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity” - TRIPP agreement. Under the agreement, the USA receives a 99-year lease of a 43 km transit corridor along the banks of the Araxes River in the Syunik region of Armenia (the old Turkish name is Zangezur region). States like tiny Armenia are rarely in a position to conduct a fully autonomous foreign policy. What they can do is build a network of external commitments in such a way as to reduce their dependence on stronger neighbors and widen their room for maneuver.
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Aygun Fataliyeva ∘

The Impact of the Shadow Economy on the Quality of Structural Transformation: A Comparative Analysis of the CIS Countries

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.02   The article explores the role of the institutional environment in shaping structural transformation and examines how the shadow economy influences these processes through a comparative analysis of CIS countries. It highlights that although structural transformation is a decisive factor for economic competitiveness, weak institutions distort this process and foster the expansion of the informal sector. The shadow economy is defined as a set of activities excluded from official statistics, with its scale directly dependent on the level of institutional development. Within the study, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan are grouped as countries with weak institutional environments, while Kazakhstan and Russia are identified as having more effective structures. The findings show that effective institutions facilitate business legalization and accelerate modernization, whereas weak institutions slow reforms by undermining statistical transparency. The
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Rusudan Sirbiladze ∘

Prices in a Market Economy and its Role in Economic Growth

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.03 A person is constantly faced with choices about how to live and function within an economy. These choices are largely influenced by the overall economic situation in the country. There are periods when production increases, employment levels are high, prices remain stable, and unemployment is low. Such periods are characterized as phases of economic growth. Conversely, there are periods when production declines, employment opportunities become scarce, prices rise, and unemployment correspondingly increases. This situation is known as an economic crisis or recession. If a recession persists for an extended period, it may develop into a depression, from which recovery is often difficult and prolonged. Moreover, a depression that begins in one country can spread throughout the world, as demonstrated by the economic disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In such circumstances, recovery becomes even more challenging. Economic fluctuations
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Salome Kobakhidze ∘

Transformation of the Labor Market in Georgia under the Influence of Artificial Intelligence

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.04 The article examines the transformation of the Georgian labor market in the age of artificial intelligence. It argues that AI should not be viewed merely as a technological innovation or solely as a threat to employment through job displacement. Rather, its significance lies in its potential to reshape work tasks, professional competencies, employment relationships, and the institutional capacity of the state to manage change. For Georgia, this issue is particularly important because the labor market continues to face persistent structural challenges, such as unemployment, self-employment, informal labor relations, regional disparities, skills mismatches, and weak alignment between educational outvome and labor market demand.The primary objective of the article is to analyze the main directions through which artificial intelligence may affect the Georgian labor market and to identify policy mechanisms capable of transforming technological change
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Tamaz Zubiashvili ∘

International Migration in the Age of Globalization

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.05 The globalization of migration processes is a defining feature of the modern world economy, shaping the socio-cultural and political climate of individual countries as well as entire regions. This phenomenon is commonly understood as the expansion of international migration, involving an ever-growing number of countries in migratory exchanges, and the qualitative transformation of migration flows in line with the demands of the global labor market. At the same time, the globalization of migration is seen as a consequence of both the liberalization of trade and capital flows and the broader globalization of populations. Globalization in this sphere is not merely a quantitative increase in the number of migrants or in sending and receiving countries. It exerts a profound influence on the development of contemporary migration policies at the global and international levels. Requirements for labor migrants are increasingly unified, regardless of skill
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Lemya Mekarssi ∘ Hynda Medfouni ∘ Zoubeir Ayache ∘ Abdelhak Lefilef ∘ Sami Bendjeddou ∘

The Implications of High Energy Prices on Oil-Importing Economies: Case Study of Germany during Russia-Ukraine War, a VAR Model

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.06 This study examines the impact of elevated energy prices on Germany’s economy during the Russia–Ukraine conflict. Employing a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, it evaluates how Brent crude oil price shocks influence key macroeconomic indicators: economic growth, inflation, unemployment, and industrial productivity. The findings reveal strong connections between energy price surges and inflation, underscoring cost push dynamics and their detrimental effects on consumer purchasing power. Rising unemployment is also identified, largely driven by higher production costs that compel firms to downsize. Despite these pressures, Germany’s industrial sector demonstrates resilience, supported by a gradual shift toward alternative energy sources and improved efficiency. The results highlight the urgent need for Germany—and other oil importing economies—to craft strategic responses to energy dependence, particularly in volatile
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Rabah BERRICHE ∘ Hassiba ALMI ∘ Mohammed Said RAHMOUN ∘

Structural Analysis of Unit Value Indices of Foreign Trade by Category (CTCI): Volatility, Dynamics and Price Elasticity — A Case Study of Algeria

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.07 This study examines the dynamics and volatility of Unit Value Indices (UVIs) in Algeria\'s foreign trade across product categories classified under the CTCI framework during the period 2011-2024. The methodology combines descriptive statistical analysis, including the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of relative changes, with import price elasticity assessment based on a comparison of UVI and volume indices. Among import categories, CTCI 3 (mineral fuels) recorded the highest average growth rate (10.2%) and exhibited the greatest volatility, with a standard deviation of 38.5, whereas CTCI 7 (machinery and transport equipment) demonstrated the highest degree of stability, reflected in a standard deviation of 10.8. The elasticity analysis confirms the presence of structural inelasticity across most categories, with inelastic behavior prevailing in 85.7% of the observed periods for CTCI 3. Analysis of export UVIs identifies CTCI 5 (chemicals) as
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Ketevan Bedinashvili ∘

Statistical Analysis of Apartment Rental Prices in Georgia

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.08 The residential real estate market represents one of the most important sectors of every national economy, as it directly influences investment activity, household welfare, labour mobility and the overall quality of life. Rental housing is particularly significant because it provides access to accommodation for students, young families, migrants and individuals who are unable or unwilling to purchase residential property. Consequently, changes in apartment rental prices reflect not only developments within the real estate market but also broader economic, demographic and social processes. In recent years, the Georgian housing market has experienced substantial transformation driven by inflationary pressures, migration, geopolitical events and changes in investment behaviour. These developments have considerably affected rental prices and housing affordability, making statistical analysis of rental market dynamics increasingly important for
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Charita Jashi ∘ Ekaterine Urotadze ∘

The Impact of Anti-Nicotine Social Marketing Campaigns on Behavioral Change and Well-Being: A Qualitative Study

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.09 Social marketing has increasingly emerged as an important approach for addressing complex social and public health challenges by applying marketing principles and techniques to encourage voluntary behavioral change for individual and societal benefit. Among its major areas of application, tobacco and nicotine prevention represents a particularly important field, given the substantial health, social, and economic consequences associated with nicotine consumption.This study explores the relationship between social marketing, behavioral change, and well-being, with particular emphasis on the impact of anti-nicotine social marketing campaigns. The relationship between social marketing and well-being suggests that interventions designed to influence health-related behaviors may generate benefits that extend beyond changes in individual behavior. By promoting healthier choices and reducing exposure to harmful behaviors, social marketing interventions may
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Rusudan Seturidze ∘

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Electronic Tax Administration: Business-Oriented Tax Risk Prevention and Management

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.10 The digital transformation of tax administration is evolving beyond the electronic replication of traditional procedures toward integrated, data-driven, proactive, and user-oriented public services. From the perspectives of business administration and management information systems, electronic tax platforms increasingly serve as a critical interface between business information systems and the digital infrastructure of public administration. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to further strengthen this interaction through large-scale data processing, anomaly detection, risk assessment, decision support, and more targeted communication with taxpayers. International practice continues to associate the use of AI in taxation primarily with fraud detection, risk profiling, compliance monitoring, and audit case selection. This study examines a complementary perspective: the application of AI to business-oriented tax risk prevention and
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Mariam Jibuti ∘ Giuli Keshelashvili ∘

Tourism-Led Spatial Transformation and Sustainable Regional Development: Evidence from Borjomi Municipality, Georgia

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.11 The study examines the relationship between tourism-led spatial transformation and sustainable regional development in Borjomi Municipality, Georgia. It assesses the extent to which contemporary tourism and territorial development processes align with the principles of sustainable development within the “People–Planet–Profit” framework. Particular attention is devoted to land-use transformation, tourism-induced urbanization, and theevolving socio-economic and environmental functions of rural and resort areas, with a specific focus on Bakuriani and its surrounding villages.The research integrates literature review, territorial development assessment, analysis of land-use change trends, and qualitative survey data collected from tourists, local stakeholders, and economic actors in Borjomi Municipality. The findings reveal that the municipality’s comparative tourism advantage remains strongly rooted in its natural
2026-10-10
Journal number 3 ∘ Sakhavat Tofig Mammadova ∘

Integration of Loyalty Index into Human Resources Strategy in Enterprises

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2026.18.03.12 The article examines the importance of employee loyalty in strategic human resource management. Employee loyalty is measured based on the results of a survey conducted among employees. The evaluations provided by the respondents are transformed into a generalized algorithm, which serves as the basis for determining a target indicator and establishing its integration into the human resource management strategy.In the contemporary business environment, regardless of the industry, employee satisfaction plays a crucial role alongside other performance indicators in enhancing economic efficiency and ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises. To investigate the integration of the loyalty index into human resource strategy, grouping and comparative analysis methods are applied. Based on the results of the calculations, the study identifies the enterprise’s strengths, weaknesses, and critical areas in terms of employee loyalty, while also
2026-10-10