Consideration of Foreign Experience of hydrogen energy policy in the Georgian Economy

Gulnazi Erkomaishvili  Eka Lekashvili  lali khurtsia

Journal number 4 ∘ Gulnazi Erkomaishvili ∘ Eka Lekashvili ∘ lali khurtsia ∘
Consideration of Foreign Experience of hydrogen energy policy in the Georgian Economy

doi.org/10.52340/eab.2024.16.04.01

journal N 4.2024

The paper presents the role of green hydrogen in the rational use of energy resources, as well as trends in the creation of infrastructure for its production. It is noted that the priority promotion of green hydrogen is the main priority of energy policy. It is an innovative project for the future and a competitive alternative to traditional fossil fuels.
The purpose of the research is to study foreign experience in green hydrogen energy policy and take it into account in the economy of Georgia.
The paper concludes that green hydrogen will help our country strengthen energy security and replace imported fuels, as it has a large untapped potential of renewable energy. Within the Eastern Partnership, Europe sees Georgia as an ally towards green hydrogen production. It is important that the country becomes self-sufficient in the use of hydrogen and has additional resources for export, not just transit - this is also the goal of export under the Black Sea submarine cable project. Georgia has the resources to present green hydrogen on the world market.
The use of research results will help define differentiated tasks and activities for the development of a green hydrogen energy development policy in Georgia.
The transition to hydrogen energy and the rivalry between the great powers will undoubtedly leave their mark on relations between states. Renewable energies are changing the fields and locations of conflict, and geopolitics are shaping technology decisions and trade patterns. Together they are creating future energy systems and relationships. However, the outcome will depend on how countries position themselves in the energy transition.
Georgia has a special potential in the direction of energy development from renewable sources. This is directly related to the energy independence of our country and, of course, to economic and energy security. Georgia is also an important transit country. As a corridor connecting Europe and Asia, it has the potential to strengthen its role in East-West and North-South transit projects. Effective use of the geopolitical situation will contribute to improving the country's energy security and economic development.

References:
• Beridze N. (2023). Mwvane wyalbadis roli energetikuli resursebis optimaluri gamoyenebisatvis, [The Role of Green Hydrogen for the Optimal Use of Energy Resources. Forbes Georgia.] in Georgian
• Erkomaishvili G. (2024). Mwvane wyalbadis roli energetikuli usafrtxoebis gazlierebashi da misi warmoebisatvis infrastruqturis sheqmnis tendenciebi saqartveloshi. [The Role of Green Hydrogen in Strengthening Energy Security and Trends in Building Infrastructure for its Production in Georgia. Collection of cientific papers of the 6th National Scientific Conference of Georgian Economists “Transformation of the World Order and Economic Security: Key Challenges and Opportunities for Georgia”, Kutaisi, September 13.] in Georgian. https://atsu.edu.ge/ge/faculty/7-biznesis-samartlisa-da-sotsialur-metsnierebata-pakulteti/fpage/Y2MyYWYyYzY (last seen 5 November,2024).)
• Erkomaishvili G., (2024). Mwvane wyalbadis warmoebis potenciali da misi roli energetikuli resursebis racionaluri gamoyenebisatvis saqartveloshi. [The Potential of Green Hydrogen Production and its Role for the Rational Use of Energy Resources in Georgia. Collection of cientific papers of the 9th International Scientific Conference "Challenges of Globalization in Economics and Business", TSU Publishing House.] in Georgian
• Lekashvili E. (2024) Wyalbadis energetikuli politikis aqtualuri sakitxebi mwvane energetikis konteqstit. [Current Issues of Hydrogen Energy Policy in the Context of Green Energy (Using the Example of the USA and the European Union). Collection of cientific papers of the 9th International Scientific Conference "Challenges of Globalization in Economics and Business", TSU Publishing House.] in Georgian
• Mukhigulashvili G., Kvatatckhelia T., Shatirishvili N., Inashvili M., Urgebashvili I. (2022). Saqartvelos mzaobis shefaseba evropis mwvane shetanxmebis mimart. [Assessment of Georgia's Readiness for the European Green Agreement. Document EU/UNDP EU4Climate Program - CRIS-ENI/2017/387-538. Analytical Center "World Experience for Georgia", p.122.] in Georgian
• Narmania D. (2022). Mwvane wyalbadis perspeqtivebi. [Prospects for Green Hydrogen. Forbes.Georgia.] in Georgian
• Saqartvelo mwvanew yalbadis warmoebas iwyebs. (2023). [Georgia Begins Producing Green Hydrogen. 22 May, 2023.] in Georgian https://www.gogc.ge/ka/press article/saqartvelo-mwvane-wyalbadis-warmoebas-iwyebs/29(last seen 5 November,2024).
• Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia (economy.ge) in Georgian
• Saqartvelos klimatis cvlilebis 2030 wlis strategia da 2021-2023 wlebis samoqmedo gegma (2020). [Georgia's Climate Strategy 2030 and Action Plan 2021-2023. Tbilisi, 2020.] in Georgian
• Batumis industriul zonashi mtsvane tsyalbadis satsarmo ashendeba. [A Green Hydrogen Plant is Being Built in the Industrial Zone of Batumi]. In Georgian. https://energynews.ge/news/elternatiuli-energia/batumis-industriul-zonashi-mtsvane-tsyalbadis-satsarmo-ashendeba (last seen 5 November,2024).
• M.K. Abbas et al. (2023). Techno-Economic Analysis for Clean Hydrogen Production Using Solar Energy Under Varied Climate Conditions Int J Hydrogen Energy
• Z. Abdin et al. (2020). Hydrogen as an Energy Vector Renew Sustain Energy Rev
• I.K. Muritala et al. (2020). High Temperature Production of Hydrogen: Assessment of Non-Renewable Resources Technologies and Emerging Trends Int J Hydrogen Energy
• W. He et al. (2020). Integration of Renewable Hydrogen in Light-duty Vehicle: Nexus between Energy Security and Low Carbon Emission Resources Int J Hydrogen Energy
• P.M. Falcone et al. (2021). Hydrogen Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Review and Policy Insights
• Brandon N. P., & Kurban Z. (2017). Clean Energy and the Hydrogen Economy. Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 375(2098), 1–17. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44678490
• Wolters F. J. A. de K. (2021). The Heralds of Hydrogen: The Economic Sectors that Are Driving the Hydrogen Economy in Europe. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep33936 (last seen 5 November,2024).
• Webster J. (2023). Industrial Decarbonization Technologies: Hydrogen and Nuclear Energy. In Technological and Policy Pathways to Accelerate US Industrial Decarbonization (pp. 13–16). Atlantic Council. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep52077.6 (last seen 5 November,2024).
• Palovic M., & Poudineh R. (2022). Hydrogen as a Game-Changer for Energy Infrastructure. In PolyGrid 2050: Integrating hydrogen into the European Energy Transfer Infrastructure landscape (pp. 2–3). Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep43916.7 (last seen 5 November,2024).
• Philips J. & Fisher L. (2021). A hydrogen Strategy for an Inclusive and Resilient Economic Recovery. In Between Hope and Hype: A Hydrogen Vision for the UK (pp. 12–19). E3G. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep30254.6
• Eurostat.com

Keywords: Green hydrogen, hydrogen energy, energy security, economic policy of hydrogen energy
JEL Codes: P28, P48, Q42, Q48

Economics and Business Referential and Reviewed International Scientific-Analytical Journal of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Economics and Business

ISSN 1987-5789 ESSN 2587-5426 doi 10.52340	Journal number 4 ∘ Gulnazi Erkomaishvili ∘ Eka Lekashvili ∘ lali khurtsia ∘ Consideration of Foreign Experience of hydrogen energy policy in the Georgian Economy doi.org/10.52340/eab.2024.16.04.01 journal N 4.2024 The paper presents the role of green hydrogen in the rational use of energy resources, as well as trends in the creation of infrastructure for its production. It is noted that the priority promotion of green hydrogen is the main priority of energy policy. It is an innovative project for the future and a competitive alternative to traditional fossil fuels. The purpose of the research is to study foreign experience in green hydrogen energy policy and take it into account in the economy of Georgia. The paper concludes that green hydrogen will help our country strengthen energy security and replace imported fuels, as it has a large untapped potential of renewable energy. Within the Eastern Partnership, Europe sees Georgia as an ally towards green hydrogen production. It is important that the country becomes self-sufficient in the use of hydrogen and has additional resources for export, not just transit - this is also the goal of export under the Black Sea submarine cable project. Georgia has the resources to present green hydrogen on the world market. The use of research results will help define differentiated tasks and activities for the development of a green hydrogen energy development policy in Georgia. The transition to hydrogen energy and the rivalry between the great powers will undoubtedly leave their mark on relations between states. Renewable energies are changing the fields and locations of conflict, and geopolitics are shaping technology decisions and trade patterns. Together they are creating future energy systems and relationships. However, the outcome will depend on how countries position themselves in the energy transition. Georgia has a special potential in the direction of energy development from renewable sources. This is directly related to the energy independence of our country and, of course, to economic and energy security. Georgia is also an important transit country. As a corridor connecting Europe and Asia, it has the potential to strengthen its role in East-West and North-South transit projects. Effective use of the geopolitical situation will contribute to improving the country's energy security and economic development. References: • Beridze N. (2023). Mwvane wyalbadis roli energetikuli resursebis optimaluri gamoyenebisatvis, [The Role of Green Hydrogen for the Optimal Use of Energy Resources. Forbes Georgia.] in Georgian • Erkomaishvili G. (2024). Mwvane wyalbadis roli energetikuli usafrtxoebis gazlierebashi da misi warmoebisatvis infrastruqturis sheqmnis tendenciebi saqartveloshi. [The Role of Green Hydrogen in Strengthening Energy Security and Trends in Building Infrastructure for its Production in Georgia. Collection of cientific papers of the 6th National Scientific Conference of Georgian Economists “Transformation of the World Order and Economic Security: Key Challenges and Opportunities for Georgia”, Kutaisi, September 13.] in Georgian. https://atsu.edu.ge/ge/faculty/7-biznesis-samartlisa-da-sotsialur-metsnierebata-pakulteti/fpage/Y2MyYWYyYzY (last seen 5 November,2024).) • Erkomaishvili G., (2024). Mwvane wyalbadis warmoebis potenciali da misi roli energetikuli resursebis racionaluri gamoyenebisatvis saqartveloshi. [The Potential of Green Hydrogen Production and its Role for the Rational Use of Energy Resources in Georgia. Collection of cientific papers of the 9th International Scientific Conference "Challenges of Globalization in Economics and Business", TSU Publishing House.] in Georgian • Lekashvili E. (2024) Wyalbadis energetikuli politikis aqtualuri sakitxebi mwvane energetikis konteqstit. [Current Issues of Hydrogen Energy Policy in the Context of Green Energy (Using the Example of the USA and the European Union). Collection of cientific papers of the 9th International Scientific Conference "Challenges of Globalization in Economics and Business", TSU Publishing House.] in Georgian • Mukhigulashvili G., Kvatatckhelia T., Shatirishvili N., Inashvili M., Urgebashvili I. (2022). Saqartvelos mzaobis shefaseba evropis mwvane shetanxmebis mimart. [Assessment of Georgia's Readiness for the European Green Agreement. Document EU/UNDP EU4Climate Program - CRIS-ENI/2017/387-538. Analytical Center "World Experience for Georgia", p.122.] in Georgian • Narmania D. (2022). Mwvane wyalbadis perspeqtivebi. [Prospects for Green Hydrogen. Forbes.Georgia.] in Georgian • Saqartvelo mwvanew yalbadis warmoebas iwyebs. (2023). [Georgia Begins Producing Green Hydrogen. 22 May, 2023.] in Georgian https://www.gogc.ge/ka/press article/saqartvelo-mwvane-wyalbadis-warmoebas-iwyebs/29(last seen 5 November,2024). • Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia (economy.ge) in Georgian • Saqartvelos klimatis cvlilebis 2030 wlis strategia da 2021-2023 wlebis samoqmedo gegma (2020). [Georgia's Climate Strategy 2030 and Action Plan 2021-2023. Tbilisi, 2020.] in Georgian • Batumis industriul zonashi mtsvane tsyalbadis satsarmo ashendeba. [A Green Hydrogen Plant is Being Built in the Industrial Zone of Batumi]. In Georgian. https://energynews.ge/news/elternatiuli-energia/batumis-industriul-zonashi-mtsvane-tsyalbadis-satsarmo-ashendeba (last seen 5 November,2024). • M.K. Abbas et al. (2023). Techno-Economic Analysis for Clean Hydrogen Production Using Solar Energy Under Varied Climate Conditions Int J Hydrogen Energy • Z. Abdin et al. (2020). Hydrogen as an Energy Vector Renew Sustain Energy Rev • I.K. Muritala et al. (2020). High Temperature Production of Hydrogen: Assessment of Non-Renewable Resources Technologies and Emerging Trends Int J Hydrogen Energy • W. He et al. (2020). Integration of Renewable Hydrogen in Light-duty Vehicle: Nexus between Energy Security and Low Carbon Emission Resources Int J Hydrogen Energy • P.M. Falcone et al. (2021). Hydrogen Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Review and Policy Insights • Brandon N. P., & Kurban Z. (2017). Clean Energy and the Hydrogen Economy. Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 375(2098), 1–17. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44678490 • Wolters F. J. A. de K. (2021). The Heralds of Hydrogen: The Economic Sectors that Are Driving the Hydrogen Economy in Europe. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep33936 (last seen 5 November,2024). • Webster J. (2023). Industrial Decarbonization Technologies: Hydrogen and Nuclear Energy. In Technological and Policy Pathways to Accelerate US Industrial Decarbonization (pp. 13–16). Atlantic Council. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep52077.6 (last seen 5 November,2024). • Palovic M., & Poudineh R. (2022). Hydrogen as a Game-Changer for Energy Infrastructure. In PolyGrid 2050: Integrating hydrogen into the European Energy Transfer Infrastructure landscape (pp. 2–3). Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep43916.7 (last seen 5 November,2024). • Philips J. & Fisher L. (2021). A hydrogen Strategy for an Inclusive and Resilient Economic Recovery. In Between Hope and Hype: A Hydrogen Vision for the UK (pp. 12–19). E3G. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep30254.6 • Eurostat.com Keywords: Green hydrogen, hydrogen energy, energy security, economic policy of hydrogen energy JEL Codes: P28, P48, Q42, Q48