doi.org/10.52340/eab.2024.16.03.02

The article presents theoretical aspects of modern brown and green economic development. It considers the characteristic for brown and green economics, unlimited economic growth of brown economics, thus, isolation of green economic growth from using natural resources. Non-renewable energy sources of brown economics, renewable energy sources of green economy, an intensive utilization of natural resources of brown economy, energy and material intensity, energy efficiency of green economy and its results. Greenhouse gases of brown economy, pure manufacturing of green economy. Destruction of bio-diversity of green economy, global social inequality of brown economy, inter generative and inter regional equity of green economy, unlimited consumption of brown economy (more usage), sustainable consumption of green economy, non-existence of corporative-social responsibility for business and investors in brown economy, corporative and social responsibility for business and investors of green economy, weakening social trust in brown economy, growth in social trust of green economy.
Positive changes in economics increases GDP (gross domestic product), the product consumed and used by every person. Meanwhile the amount of resource consumption increases respectively, followed by the growth of labor expenses, basic working capital, growth in the use of manufacturing factors. These processes are united by brown economics. As for green economy, economic growth here is achieved apart from using natural resources. The article presents the characteristics of green and brown economics in theoretical point of view. In the research process, inductive and deductive processes were used, both from particular facts to general thesis and from general thesis to particular facts. Unlimited economic growth in brown economy implies positive economic changes, GDP growth, growth of wealth, consumed by every inhabitant, possible types of economic growth can be: extensive economic growth and intensive economic growth. Extensive means increase of wealth in accordance with consumed resources at the expense of basic capital and working capital growth, i.e. in accordance with the growth of manufacturing factors. Meanwhile economic growth rate is equal to increase in rate of resources used. Intensive economic growth is fulfilled through production efficiency, that is to improve resource consumption and maximize results. Ther also works maximizing of the results at minimal cost. Economic growth in green economy is achieved separately from the use of natural resources. In other words, economic growth should be reached without the growth of natural resource consumption. Non-renewable energy sources in brown economy are the same as natural resources, which are limited and irreplaceable in case of extermination. This is any resource given us by the nature, as well as minerals, oil and uranium are considered in green economy as renewable energy sources. Renewable energy or regenerative energy is produced from inexhaustible sources. In brown economics the usage of intensive energy consumption and material intensive is important. Economic resources in the universe are limited, and intensive consumption of limited resources will damage and predict its exhaustion in the universe. Production growth led us to the resource depilation, as renewable sources are not in danger. As for non-renewable sources, their protection is one of the major problems. Under the future resources we can consider only renewable sources. Under the modern conditions, space sources are also discussed, which are non-renewable, but unusual and it is possible to use. Energy efficiency in green economy implies the creation of better conditions and comfort, using less energy.
Greenhouse gas emission in brown economics: environmental protection is the main question, the study and solution of the problem especially contributes to the protection of public health; everybody knows about harmful effects of manufacturing and transport, although one cannot exclude the issue of animals and animal products in agriculture in terms of air pollution. Tests showed that stockbreeding causes emission of more greenhouse gases that the transport in general. Pure production in green economy. Resource efficient pure production is oriented on regular consumption of preventive environmental approaches in production and service practice; it means economical consumption of raw materials, energy, water and other sources, increased workload and stronger competitiveness, air pollution, as well as negative impact of generated waste on people and the environment, risks are reducing. Destruction of bio-diversity in brown economy. Bio-diversity is the diversity of life, which is diversity of living organisms from genes to biosphere. Protection of bio-diversity in green economics. Protection of a bio-diversity is a global diversity and is crucial for sustainable development. Bio-diversity means changeability of all kinds of living organisms, including land and sea and living organisms living in other water eco-systems or eco-complexes.
Global inequality in economic points of view. Economic growth is not able to reduce poverty, when with economic growth the country has inflation rate, higher than economic growth. Economic growth must be inclusive and include sustainable economic areas: economic, social, and environmental issues. Modern global social inequality is the result of uneven progress in recent centuries in economic point of view. Many countries reach economic progress, many do not. Private companies should estimate the impact of product manufacturing on the environment, identify value chain practice, which has negative effect on the environment and develop new innovative approaches in the manufacture. Negative impact is basically revealed in the unlimited consumption, i.e. mor consumption destroying proper use of resources. For private companies in Georgia sustainable development and manufacture are important areas. The expansion of business point of view and growth of working activity is the asset of globalization. This process coined the term “corporative social responsibility” in the process of sustainable economic development. Later, a synonym for the term appeared: “social business responsibility”, which means business ethics, corporative civil position, sustainable development and etc.

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Keywords: Brown economy, green economy, economic growth, bio-diversity, pure manufacturing, sustainable consumption, global social inequality.
JEL Codes: O47, Q50, Q57