doi.org/10.52340/eab.2024.16.03.01

journal N 3.2024

The main features of the digitalization of education are: integration of information technologies into the educational process; simplification and expansion of access to information; Digital technologies have made it possible to create interactive teaching materials and classes, as well as personalized curricula; Educational practice and teaching methods have undergone a transformation in many aspects. The offer of online courses, virtual universities and international educational projects has increased all over the world, making education more accessible. Digitalization, reforming the educational environment, has expanded the possibilities of using traditional methods and enriched learning with new forms of interactivity. Successful digitalization of education requires a balance between technical innovations and participants in the learning process. To ensure an optimal educational experience, the introduction of new technologies must be combined with the development of adequate educational approaches, which does not happen everywhere. The digitalization of various spheres of life has given rise to the process of phygitalization, which is a continuation of digital transformations. Phygitalization is presented as an integrated relationship at the junction of the physical and the digital. Phygitalization uses the key advantages of digital and traditional tools. With the help of digital technologies (AR, VR, XR technologies, interactive screens, stands, touch panels), it is possible to integrate the physical and virtual world. Phygital combines physical and digital experiences in various spheres of life, including education. Phygital uses technologies such as the Internet of Things, virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, cloud services, etc. Successful digitalization of education requires a balance between technical innovations and participation in the learning process. To ensure an optimal educational experience, the introduction of new technologies must be combined with the development of adequate educational approaches, which is not the case everywhere. With the advent of digitalization in education, there are opportunities to create new forms of value and engage users based on their individual preferences and needs. Figital combines the benefits of physical and digital experiences such as realism, interactivity and personalization. Figitalization will increase the convenience and accessibility of delivering assignments, learning materials and tests using mobile device technologies, telemedicine and streaming. This ensures that assignments, learning materials and tests can be received anytime and anywhere; Phygital can reduce the cost of training and improve the quality of assignments, learning materials and tests. Using nanotechnology and blockchain in 3D printing technologies, we can create, deliver and store assignments, learning materials and tests with low costs and risks. In practice, the digitalization of education, despite its undoubted numerous advantages, is also associated with a number of problems that require attention and the development of strategies to solve them. The main challenges that educational institutions face in the context of digital transformation are inequality, limited access to technology and the digital divide. Equal distribution of access to modern technologies, high-speed Internet (although 4G at best) and modern devices among students and socially vulnerable groups is extremely limited in the developing regions of the country. The digital divide between the city and the village is another additional challenge in the digitalization of education. The introduction of digital technologies in the educational process has changed the role and functions of the teacher. The traditional image of the teacher as a source of knowledge is changing and he is moving to the role of a mentor and organizer of training. In the course of conducting online lectures and interacting with students in a virtual environment, many shortcomings were revealed, which over time were only partially eliminated, and traditional teaching methods were revised, although no conclusions were made. There was no discussion or conference on the topic of distance learning. This process showed that traditional teaching and assessment methods should be fundamentally changed. The goals and methods of conducting seminars and practical work should be reviewed; Artificial intelligence technology has raised questions about the quality of educational content and the need to filter information. The modern digital environment is overloaded and saturated with information, not always of high quality and relevant for education. Students are faced with the task of choosing the right sources and content that meet their educational goals. Immersion in a stream of uncontrolled, unverified and sometimes extremely harmful information can have a negative impact on the learning process. In this direction, it is necessary to develop and adopt new regulations; The main problem of digitalization of the educational environment is the achievements of cybersecurity and data privacy, so not only local specialists of educational institutions, but also government agencies should pay special attention to ensuring data security and developing incident prevention strategies. Solving these problems requires a systematic approach and joint efforts of teachers, students, the university administration, the state and society. The introduction of digital technologies must be accompanied by respect for the interests, needs and all rights of participants in the educational process, otherwise a permanent decline in the quality of education is expected.
The purpose of the study is to identify, based on analysis, the factors that hinder and facilitate the implementation of phygitalization of education.

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Keywords: Virtual world, digitization of education, phygitalization, software, artificial intelligence, interactivity, e-learning.
JEL Codes: I20, I21, I29